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2020, ANNÉE LA PLUS MEURTRIÈRE POUR LES DÉFENSEURS DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT

2020, ANNÉE LA PLUS MEURTRIÈRE POUR LES DÉFENSEURS DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT

Le nombre de défenseurs de l’environnement assassinés dans le monde ne cesse d’augmenter. Le nouveau rapport de Global Witness recense au moins 227 meurtres, dont la moitié en Colombie. Un record alors que les trois quarts des victimes luttaient contre la déforestation dans des pays en développement. 

C’est un triste record. Au moins 227 défenseurs de l’environnement ont été assassinés dans le monde en 2020, au rythme de quatre par semaine, et la plupart en Amérique Latine, a dénoncé l’ONG Global Witness, dans un nouveau rapport publié le lundi 13 septembre. Près de “trois attaques sur quatre” ont eu lieu en Amérique centrale ou en Amérique du Sud, ajoute Global Witness, qui souligne que ces attaques sont en augmentation constante depuis 2018.

Ainsi, pour la deuxième année consécutive, c’est la Colombie qui enregistre le plus grand nombre d’assassinats avec 65 défenseurs de la terre et de l’environnement morts pour leur combat. Au total, plus de la moitié des attaques concernaient seulement trois pays : la Colombie, le Mexique et les Philippines.

Les peuples autochtones pris pour cible

Les victimes ont plusieurs points en commun: 70 % d’entre elles travaillaient pour mettre fin à la déforestation et toutes, sauf une, vivaient dans des pays en développement. Un tiers appartenaient à des peuples autochtones. “Les peuples autochtones ont été particulièrement touchés et la pandémie de COVID-19 n’a fait qu’aggraver la situation. Les fermetures officielles ont conduit à cibler les défenseurs chez eux et les mesures de protection du gouvernement ont été supprimées”, notent les auteurs du rapport. 

“Nous autres indigènes […] savons que l’environnement est la source de toute vie”, a commenté à l’AFP Celia Umenza, leader communautaire issue de la tribu Nasa, qui lutte contre la déforestation, les monocultures prédatrices et l’exploitation minière illégale dans le sud-ouest troublé de la Colombie, dans la région du Cauca. Célia Umenza a survécu à trois tentatives d’assassinat.

Les industriels pointés du doigt

Et le changement climatique aggrave encore plus la situation. “À mesure que la crise climatique s’intensifie, son impact sur les personnes, y compris sur les défenseurs des terres et de l’environnement, s’intensifie également”, notent les auteurs. L’ONG dénonce dans ce rapport la responsabilité des “industries qui sont la cause de la crise climatique et des attaques contre les défenseurs de l’environnement”, selon elle.

L’exploitation de bois, la construction de barrages, l’agro-industrie et l’exploitation minière sont les secteurs liés à la majorité des assassinats. “La demande de profits toujours plus élevés […] et de coûts les plus bas possible semble toujours se traduire à la fin par l’idée que ceux qui entravent les projets doivent disparaître”, a commenté l’environnementaliste américain Bill Mckibben, cité dans le rapport.

Parmi ses recommandations, l’ONG exhorte les Nations unies à “reconnaître officiellement le droit à un environnement sain”, un “vide énorme” dans le système actuel de défense des droits humains.

AFP

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